November 1 - All Sol's Day


[Sol Fa, sol good to go for Quiz 11 (Chord Cycles), to be given sometime after 7:55am, Thursday, November 8, Diablo Valley College Music Building, Pleasant Hill, CA]


Four-Part Harmony

S - Soprano
A - Alto
T - Tenor
B - Bass

The four voices above, highest-to-lowest, can be literal voices, four tones in a keyboard chord,
four instruments, etc.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-part_harmony


Voicing of Root-Position Triads in Four-Part Harmony

With 3 tones, and 4 voices, one tone will be doubled (stated twice in the chord)

Typical voicing is "Root-Root-Third-Fifth,"
with one Root as Bass and the other found in one of the Upper Voices (Soprano, Alto, Tenor)


Keyboard-Style Voicing

                                         S
Treble Clef will contain  A
                                         T

Bass Clef will contain B


Closed-Spacing Realizaton of Root-Position Chords

Over a given Bass-Clef Root,
in Treble Clef, choose a Soprano Chord-Tone,
Alto and Tenor will be the next available Chord Tones downward.


(Note the 2nd and 3rd Treble-Clef Measures look like Inversions,
but they are still Root-Position Triads, given the Root Bass Notes)

The space between Tenor and Bass can be as much as two octaves,
or as little as a Unison


Voice-Leading

The smooth connection of adjacent chords

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_leading


Common Tone(s)

Note(s) shared by two different Chords

Examples
                                         D
                                         B
                G       G Chord G
                E
C Chord  C                       C
                                         A
                         F Chord   F

G is the Common Tone shared by the C and G Chords

C is the Common Tone shared by the C and F Chords


                                                B
               G                              G
               E     E Minor Chord E      E
C Chord C                                       C
                              A Minor Chord A


C Chord shares two Common Tones (E and G) with E Minor Chord

C Chord shares two Common Tones (A and C) with A Minor Chord


Root Movement    Number of Common Tones      Examples

4th (or 5th)                        1                                   C to G, or C to F
3rd (or 6th)                        2                                   C to Em, or C to Am
2nd (or 7th)                       0                                    F to G (no Common Tones)



Two Guidelines for Traditional Common-Practice Voice-Leading of Root-Position Triads

1. If there's a Common Tone, and it makes sense to keep it, do so,
move other Upper Voices as smoothly as possible.


2. If no Common Tone,
move all Upper Voices in Contrary Motion with respect to the Bass.




Traditional Limits of Voice Movement

Upper Voices - most movement is by Step or 3rd, occasionally 4th

Bass - no more than a 5th (but Octave leaps OK) -- i.e. no 6ths or 7ths


Doubling in Inversions

Either Root or Bass may be Doubled - in First Semester Theory, often Bass Doubling is easier


Another Unusual Interval

 Diminished 3rd = d3 = 1 step notated with 3 letter names
    (ex. F# Ab) - Enharmonic equivalent of M2 (ex. F# G#, or Gb Ab)


Dominant 9th Chord - ex D9

Dominant 7th Chord + Major 9th (between Root and 9th)


Octatonic and Blues Scales; Richard Berry's Louie-Louie (1955) I-IV-V-IV Rhythmic Pattern


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octatonic_scale

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues_scale

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-2CKsaq5r8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Berry_(musician)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louie_Louie


 Keyboard-Solfege - Richard Rodgers - The Sound of Music (1959): Do-Re-Mi (Melody)

First System

Melody        C  D   E  .....  F
Solfege       Do Re Mi ....  Fa
Fingering     1   2    3  .....  4
(R.H.)

Second System

Melody           E   F    G ....... A
Solfege           Mi Fa Sol ...... La
Fingering        1   2   3    ....... 4
(R.H.)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLm07s8fnzM

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Rodgers

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music_(film)


Music Referenced in Quiz 11


Duke Ellington (1899-1974) - Concerto for Cootie (1940)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6ia5N_65dw

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Ellington


Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992) - Quartet for the End of Time (1941):
          VI. Dance of Fury, for the Seven Trumpets

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UeSVu1zbF94 (@ 25:25)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quatuor_pour_la_fin_du_temps


Bela Bartok (1881-1945)

     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Béla_Bartók

     Concerto for Orchestra (1943): I. [Introduzione]

     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pb37dJFPoFg

     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concerto_for_Orchestra_(Bartók)

     http://imslp.org/wiki/Concerto_for_Orchestra%2C_Sz.116_(Bartók%2C_Béla)


     For Children (1909, rev. 1945): III. Andante

     https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8HGOJlycqk (@ 1:25)

     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Children

     http://imslp.org/wiki/For_Children%2C_Sz.42_(Bartók%2C_Béla)


John Cage (1912-1992) - Suite for Toy Piano (1948): IV

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9RE14hvr9U&list=RD0tl67VoKSN4&index=4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cage

https://www.allmusic.com/composition/suite-for-toy-piano-for-toy-piano-or-piano-mc0002382597


Jester Hairston (1901-2000) - Elijah Rock (1955)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=268tEOaUSnQ

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jester_Hairston

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Rock

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MK_JypkZ_fs

***


With no common tone, the movement of 4 voices in traditional voice-leading is 3-against-1 -- S,A,T in contrary motion to B and we play it out in Music Theory,


on


the


start-it-early


219th


day


of


summer,


high


up


5 to 87 --


tying with October 8, 12, 16, 19


as the warmest since September 27's 97 (Pleasant Hill, 85).  Edit page 43 new-edition Mice and Men, Op. 45 (1992): Act III and compose


Cliff Variations, Op. 287 (2018)
     Theme and 30 Passacaglic Life Changes
          Variation X [John Williams (b. 1932) - Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981): I. Indiana Jones March]