MARK ALBURGER, 2018: March 8 - Oh Those Devilish Dissonances!

[George Sand and Frederic Chopin preparing for the diabolisms of Quiz 8, sometime after 8am, Thursday, March 15, Diablo Valley College Music Theory, Pleasant Hill, CA]

Diatonic (Greek "progressing through notes")

Musical characteristics derived from 1-7 note mode / scale collections
(sequential note-movement is primarilly whole steps [or larger],
typically with a small percentage of half-steps)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatonic_scale

Chromatic (Greek "colorful")

Musical characteristics derived from 8-12 note mode / scale collections
(sequential note-movement features a higher percentage of half-steps)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromaticism

C Chromatic Scale

Sharps on the way up, Flats on the way down
(no need for E# or B# ascending, or Cb and Fb descending

Solfege - White Notes as Major - Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Ti Do / Do Ti La Sol Fa Mi Re Do
             - Black Notes Ascending - Change all vowels to "i", pronounced "ee"
                                                      Di   Ri      Fi   Si   Li    Do
                                                      no need for raised Mi or Ti, as next half steps above are F and D
             - Black Notes Descending - Change most vowels to "e", pronounced as if saying letter "A"
                                                       Te Le Se Me
                                                       no need for lowered Do or Fa, as next half steps down are B and E
   Lower Re one half-step to Ra (pronounced "Rah")

Fingering (L and R.H.s) - Thumbs on most White Notes, 2nd fingers for two sequential White Notes
                                            3rd fingers on Black Notes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_scale

More on Non-Chord / Non-Harmonic / Embelishing / Added Tones

Neighboring Tone (NT)

A Neighboring Tone is created in a melodic movement from one Chord Tone (Consonance) through a
Non-Chord / Added Tone (Dissonance) back to the same Chord Tone

In the above example, from Henry VIII's Pastime with Good Company (from Quiz 5 -- Treble and Bass Clefs, in the Key of G Minor) the G is an Upper Neighbor to the F# Chord Tones in a D Chord (D F# A).

The Melodic Movement is from Chord Tone F# (Consonant, the Third of D),
to the "next-door" Upper Neighber G (Dissonant, not a member of D)
back to the Same Chord Tone -- F# (Consonant, the Third of D)

It is possible to have Lower Neighbors -- F# E F# in the spirit of above Example

Neighbors can be Complete -- as above examples -- or
Incomplete -- still working with above... F#-G or G-F# (Upper Incomplete Neighbors)
... F# E or E F# (Lower Incomplete Neighbors)

Appoggiatura (App)

Any Accented Dissonance-- on a Downbeat, or otherwised stressed (accent / sycopation)
N.B. Passing and Neighboring Notes can be Unaccented or Accented
(the latter are additionally Appoggiaturas)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appoggiatura

Diatonic vs Chromatic Movement

Added Tones may be be Diatonic or Chromatic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatonic_and_chromatic

Five Basic Seventh Chords

Major Seventh Chord (Maj7 or M7) = Major Triad (MT) + M7 interval (from Root)

Dominant Seventh Chord (7) = Major Triad (MT) + m7 interval

Minor Seventh Chord (m7) = Minor Triad (mT) + m7 interval

[Half-Diminished Seventh (ø or ho) = Diminished Triad (dt) + m7 interval

(Fully-)Diminished Seventh (ø) = Diminished Triad (dt) and d7 interval]

Major 7th Chords appear naturally on scale-degrees I and IV -- IM7 and IVM7

Minor 7th Chords appear naturally on scale-degrees ii, iii, and vi -- ii7, iii7, and vi7

[The Half-Diminished 7th appears naturally on scale-degree viio -- viiø7 or viiho7

The (Fully-)Diminished 7th appears on scale-detree viio in Harmonic / Melodic (Ascending) Minor
-- viio7

Seventh Chords in C Major

CM7 Dm7 Em7 FM7 G7 Am7 Bø7

IM7 ii7 iii7 IVM7 V7 vi7 viiø7

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_seventh_chord

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_seventh_chord

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-diminished_seventh_chord

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diminished_seventh_chord

Polytonality - Music in several keys simultaneously

Bitonality - Music in two keys simultaneously
In some such musics, upper and lower staves may be analyzed separately

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytonality

F (Natural and Harmonic) Minor / Ab and Db Major

Dictation / Keyboard-Solfege

Charles Ives (1874-1954) - Variations on America (1891)

Spanish Variation

Treble Clef: F (Harmonic) Minor - Do Do Re Ti Do Re Me Me Fa, etc.

R.H. 2 2 3 1 2 3 4 4 5, etc.

L.H. 4 4 3 5 4 3 2 2 1, etc.

http://markalburgermusichistory.blogspot.com/8874/10/charles-ives-1874-1954.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ives

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variations_on_%22America%22

Augmented Triad

AT = M3 + A5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_triad

Four C Chords (in Treble Clef)